[285], Parliament established the National School of Art in the 1920s. The national language of Malta is Maltese, while English is the country's official language. [238] The life expectancy in 2018 was estimated at 83. [128] A depiction of the George Cross now appears in the upper hoist corner of the Flag of Malta and on the country's arms. [170] Also, according to the results of ESPON and EU Commission studies, "the whole territory of Malta constitutes a single urban region".[171]. Education in Malta is based on the British model. It totals 316 square kilometers and lies south of Italy (across the Malta Channel), east of Tunisia and north of Libya. Malta has made strong headway in implementing EU Financial Services Directives including UCITs IV and soon AIFMD. The islands of the archipelago lie on the Malta plateau, a shallow shelf formed from the high points of a land bridge between Sicily and North Africa that became isolated as sea levels rose after the last Ice Age. [81] It is uncertain whether this new settlement took place as a consequence of demographic expansion in Sicily, as a result of a higher standard of living in Sicily (in which case the recolonisation may have taken place a few decades earlier), or as a result of civil war which broke out among the Arab rulers of Sicily in 1038. [33] Punic influence, however, remained vibrant on the islands with the famous Cippi of Melqart, pivotal in deciphering the Punic language, dedicated in the 2nd century BC. It is presumed the population arrived from Sicily because of the similarity of Maltese dolmens to some small constructions found on the largest island of the Mediterranean sea. By comparison, the average population density for the "World (land only, excluding Antarctica)" was 54/km2 (140/sq mi) as of July 2014. [289], A 2010 Charities Aid Foundation study found that the Maltese were the most generous people in the world, with 83% contributing to charity. Semicircular bays have formed on coastal cliffs where sinkholes have been invaded by the sea. The Republic of Malta is an island state located in the center of the Mediterranean, about 80 km south of Sicily (Italy) and 230 km north of Africa (Tunisia). [185], Currently,[when?] [187][188] Additionally, residents of Malta exhibited an ecological footprint of consumption of 5.8 global hectares of biocapacity per person, resulting in a sizable biocapacity deficit. Malta has been inhabited since approximately 5900 BC. Many of these stories have been popularly re-written as Children's literature by authors writing in Maltese, such as Trevor Żahra. According to the same report, 4.5% of the population declared themselves as either atheist or agnostic, one of the lowest figures in Europe. [167] According to Demographia, the Valletta urban area has a population of 300,000. In Maltese folktales the local variant of the classic closing formula, "and they all lived happily ever after" is "u għammru u tgħammru, u spiċċat" (and they lived together, and they had children together, and the tale is finished). In its history, the Maltese archipelago was always strategically significant for the domination of the Mediterranean. The executive secretary, who is appointed by the council, is the executive, administrative and financial head of the council. The island of Malta specifically played a vital strategic role in World War II as a base for the Allied Powers. It is positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. The farmers' exhibition is still a seminal part of the Mnarja festivities today. Its roots can be traced back to the pagan Roman feast of Luminaria (literally, "the illumination"), when torches and bonfires lit up the early summer night of 29 June. Napoleon's fleet arrived in 1798, en route to his expedition of Egypt. The Rococo movement was greatly enhanced by the relocation to Malta of Antoine de Favray (1706–1798), who assumed the position of court painter to Grand Master Pinto in 1744. The location map of Malta below highlights the geographical position of Malta within Europe on the world map. [249] The native Christian community that welcomed Roger I of Sicily[33] was further bolstered by immigration to Malta from Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries. Valletta is the capital city of the country. [131], Malta adopted a policy of neutrality in 1980. p. 518; Sil. Under its 1964 constitution, Malta initially retained Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Malta, with a Governor-General exercising authority on her behalf. [citation needed] The most common etymology is that the word Malta is derived from the Greek word μέλι, meli, "honey". [305] Satellite reception is available to receive other European television networks such as the BBC from Great Britain and RAI and Mediaset from Italy. The rest are privately owned. [192] The current financial incentives to foreign productions as of 2015 stand at 25 per cent with an additional 2 per cent if Malta stands in as Malta; meaning a production can get up to 27 per cent back on their eligible spending incurred in Malta. The archipelago consists of three islands: Malta, Gozo and Comino with a total population of over 400,000 inhabitants occupying an area of 316 square kilometers. Malta International Airport (Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Malta) is the only airport serving the Maltese islands. For other uses, see, Greeks, Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Romans, Crown of Aragon rule and the Knights of Malta, Καὶ διασωθέντες τότε ἐπέγνωμεν ὅτι Μελίτη ἡ νῆσος καλεῖται. The early Christian frescoes that decorate the catacombs beneath Malta reveal a propensity for eastern, Byzantine tastes. The Capital City, Valletta, is a real gem! Although the event was not highly advertised, and was controversial due to the closing of an arterial street on the day, it is deemed to have been successful and will most likely be organised every year. Malta has served as a "double" for a wide variety of locations and historic periods including Ancient Greece, Ancient and modern Rome, Iraq, the Middle East and many more. [233], In 2018, the population of the Maltese Islands stood at 475,701. [135] General Elections held on 12 April 2003, gave a clear mandate to the Prime Minister, Eddie Fenech Adami, to sign the treaty of accession to the European Union on 16 April 2003 in Athens, Greece. Further evidence of Christian practices and beliefs during the period of Roman persecution appears in catacombs that lie beneath various sites around Malta, including St. Paul's Catacombs and St. Agatha's Catacombs in Rabat, just outside the walls of Mdina. [citation needed], It is said that under the Knights, this was the one day in the year when the Maltese were allowed to hunt and eat wild rabbit, which was otherwise reserved for the hunting pleasures of the Knights. [211][212] The government chose Autobuses Urbanos de León as its preferred bus operator for the country in October 2014. Maltese politics is a two-party system dominated by the Labour Party (Maltese: Partit Laburista), a centre-left social democratic party, and the Nationalist Party (Maltese: Partit Nazzjonalista), a centre-right Christian democratic party. In northern Malta the escarpment is occasionally abrupt and broken by deep embayments. A Turkish Military Cemetery was commissioned by Sultan Abdul Aziz and built between 1873-1874 for the fallen Ottoman soldiers of the Great Siege of Malta. A number of wines have achieved Protected Designation of Origin, with wines produced from grapes cultivated in Malta and Gozo designated as “DOK” wines, that is Denominazzjoni ta’ l-Oriġini Kontrollata. Males make up 50.5% of the population. Tourism infrastructure has increased dramatically over the years and a number of hotels are present on the island, although overdevelopment and the destruction of traditional housing is of growing concern. This led King Martin I of Sicily to abolish the title. Malta conducts a census of population and housing every ten years. The compulsory detention policy has been denounced by several NGOs, and in July 2010, the European Court of Human Rights found that Malta's detention of migrants was arbitrary, lacking in adequate procedures to challenge detention, and in breach of its obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights. Pope Benedict XVI canonised Preca on 3 June 2007. It is affiliated with IADS, the International Association of Dental Students. Although not a patron saint, St George Preca (San Ġorġ Preca) is greatly revered as the second canonised Maltese saint after St. Publius. Each council is made up of a number of councillors (from 5 to 13, depending on and relative to the population they represent). Malta's search-and-rescue area extends from east of Tunisia to west of Crete, covering an area of around 250,000 km2 (97,000 sq mi). A person must be 16 to marry. It is surrounded by Italy to its north and Libya to its south. The city of Mdina was given the title of Città Notabile as a result of this sequence of events. By 50 BC Maltese coins had a Greek legend on one side and a Latin one on the other. The Medical Association of Malta represents practitioners of the medical profession. A number of Maltese individuals are recognised as Blessed, including Maria Adeodata Pisani and Nazju Falzon, with Pope John Paul II having beatified them in 2001. Only 1km by 600m, with every street leading to the sea, the walled fortress city contains a harmonious ensemble of 16th- and 17th-century townhouses fronted by traditional Maltese balconies. ", "Retaining Guido De Marco's Euro-Mediterranean vision", "The History of the European Union – 2000–today", "Cyprus and Malta set to join eurozone in 2008", "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. [274] [257], As a member of the European Union and of the Schengen Agreement, Malta is bound by the Dublin Regulation to process all claims for asylum by those asylum seekers that enter EU territory for the first time in Malta. In the warmest month – August – the typical maximum temperature ranges from 28 to 34 °C (82 to 93 °F) during the day and minimum 20 to 24 °C (68 to 75 °F) at night. [303] The state and political parties subsidise most of the funding of these television stations. [citation needed], The Malta Communications Authority reported that there were 147,896 pay TV subscriptions active at the end of 2012, which includes analogue and digital cable, pay digital terrestrial TV and IPTV. Malta has three large natural harbours on its main island: There are also two man-made harbours that serve a passenger and car ferry service that connects Ċirkewwa Harbour on Malta and Mġarr Harbour on Gozo. This included il-ġilwa, which led the bride and groom to a wedding ceremony that took place on the parvis of St. Andrew's Chapel. The landscape of the island of Gozo is characterized by broken upper coralline mesas, with the highest point being Ta’ Dbiegi Hill (636 feet [194 metres]). The inhabitants subsequently asked Britain to assume sovereignty over the islands under the conditions laid out in a Declaration of Rights,[47] stating that "his Majesty has no right to cede these Islands to any power...if he chooses to withdraw his protection, and abandon his sovereignty, the right of electing another sovereign, or of the governing of these Islands, belongs to us, the inhabitants and aborigines alone, and without control." As of 2008[update], there are two international schools, Verdala International School and QSI Malta. [180] They feature many traits typical of a Mediterranean climate, such as drought resistance. The average yearly temperature is around 23 °C (73 °F) during the day and 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) at night. The capital of Malta is Valletta, which is the smallest capital city in the European Union. The patron saints of Malta are Saint Paul, Saint Publius, and Saint Agatha. [33], On 23 March 1530,[95] Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, gave the islands to the Knights Hospitaller under the leadership of Frenchman Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, Grand Master of the Order,[96][97] in perpetual lease for which they had to pay an annual tribute of one single Maltese Falcon. Also, 88 percent of the population speak English, 66 percent speak Italian, and 17 percent speak French. The country comprises five islands—Malta (the largest), Gozo, Comino, and the uninhabited islets of Kemmunett (Comminotto) and Filfla—lying some 58 miles (93 km) south of Sicily, 180 miles (290 km) north of Libya, and about 180 miles (290 km) east of Tunisia, at the eastern end of the constricted portion of the Mediterranean Sea separating Italy from the African coast. Malta produces only about 20 percent of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies because of the drought in the summer, and has no domestic energy sources, aside from the potential for solar energy from its plentiful sunlight. Their descendants account for about two-thirds of the community of some 4,000 Catholics that now live on that island. Malta is a republic[25] whose parliamentary system and public administration are closely modelled on the Westminster system. [66] The island is mentioned at the Acts of the Apostles as Melitene (Greek: Μελιτήνη). [179] Malta, with area of 316 km2 (122 sq mi) and population of 0.4 million, is one of the most densely populated countries worldwide. [239], The Maltese language (Maltese: Malti) is one of the two constitutional languages of Malta, having become official, however, only in 1934, and being considered as the national language. Malta’s capital is a remarkable place. 251). SAVE! [133], On 16 July 1990, Malta, through its foreign minister, Guido de Marco, applied to join the European Union. Two of Caravaggio's most notable works, The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist and Saint Jerome Writing, are on display in the Oratory of the Conventual Church of St. John. [115][116] On the judicial level, a family code was framed and twelve judges were nominated. [33] Tancred, King of Sicily, the second to last Norman monarch, made Malta a fief of the kingdom and installed a Count of Malta in 1192. [301], The most widely read and financially the strongest newspapers are published by Allied Newspapers Ltd., mainly The Times of Malta (27 percent) and its Sunday edition The Sunday Times of Malta (51.6 percent). As a ruse towards the Knights, Napoleon asked for a safe harbour to resupply his ships, and then turned his guns against his hosts once safely inside Valletta. The aim of the lyrics, which are improvised, is to create a friendly yet challenging atmosphere, and it takes a number of years of practice to be able to combine the required artistic qualities with the ability to debate effectively. 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Get directions, maps, and traffic for Malta, NY. [258], Irregular migrants who land in Malta are subject to a compulsory detention policy, being held in several camps organised by the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM), including those near Ħal Far and Ħal Safi. Regional Maps: Map of Europe The festivities still commence today with the reading of the "bandu", an official governmental announcement, which has been read on this day in Malta since the 16th century. [66] After the failure of his expedition, the island fell back in the hands of Carthage, only to be conquered again in 218 BC, during the Second Punic War, by Roman Consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus. Mainly young or immature and thin, Maltese soils generally lack humus, and a high carbonate content gives them alkaline properties. There are several Charismatic, Pentecostal, and Baptist churches, including the Bible Baptist Church, Knisja Evanġelika Battista, and Trinity Evangelical Church - a Reformed Baptist Church. [283], The artistic heritage of Malta blossomed under the Knights of St. John, who brought Italian and Flemish Mannerist painters to decorate their palaces and the churches of these islands, most notably, Matteo Perez d'Aleccio, whose works appear in the Magisterial Palace and in the Conventual Church of St. John in Valletta, and Filippo Paladini, who was active in Malta from 1590 to 1595. [275][276] Malta has a strong general practitioner-delivered primary care base and the public hospitals provide secondary and tertiary care. Malta is classified as an advanced economy together with 32 other countries according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). These may have been caused by wooden-wheeled carts eroding soft limestone. [220], The number of pay-TV subscribers fell as customers switched to Internet Protocol television (IPTV): the number of IPTV subscribers doubled in the six months to June 2012. The French under Napoleon took hold of the Maltese islands in 1798, although with the aid of the British the Maltese were able to oust French control two years later. There are remains of Neolithic culture antedating 2000 b.c., and also traces of a Bronze Age culture from about the 14th cent. The capital city of Malta really deserves a paragraph of its … There is a high number of daily or weekly newspapers; there is one paper for every 28,000 people. On 13 December 1974 (Republic Day) it became a republic within the Commonwealth, with the President as head of state. [287], Maltese cuisine shows strong Sicilian and English influences as well as influences of Spanish, Maghrebin and Provençal cuisines. [187], Film production has contributed to the Maltese economy. Officially, it is a national festival dedicated to the feast of Saints Peter and St. Paul. Looking at the map of Europe, Malta lies just 93 km (58 miles) South of Sicily (Italy) in Southern Europe and roughly 300 km … in. The event, known as Sette Giugno (Italian for 7 June), is commemorated every year and is one of five National Days. The Maltese islands are home to a wide diversity of indigenous, sub-endemic and endemic plants. [citation needed] Due to bilingualism half of the newspapers are published in English and the other half in Maltese. Malta is an island archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea and is located in Southern Europe. The landscape consists of low hills with terraced fields. Malta is an archipelago in the central Mediterranean (in its eastern basin), some 80 km (50 mi) from southern Italy across the Malta Channel. Malta joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 and joined the Eurozone on 1 January 2008. [137] Following the European Council of 21–22 June 2007, Malta joined the eurozone on 1 January 2008.[138]. [279], The next generation of writers, including Karl Schembri and Immanuel Mifsud, widened the tracks further, especially in prose and poetry. Salaries in Malta have risen very slowly and very marginally over the years making life on the island much harder than it was a few years ago. In the 2015 edition of the annual Freedom of Thought Report from the International Humanist and Ethical Union, Malta was in the category of "severe discrimination". Between 1915 and 1918, during the First World War, Malta became known as the Nurse of the Mediterranean due to the large number of wounded soldiers who were accommodated in Malta. [112][113][114] He reformed national administration with the creation of a Government Commission, twelve municipalities, a public finance administration, the abolition of all feudal rights and privileges, the abolition of slavery and the granting of freedom to all Turkish and Jewish slaves. Air Malta has concluded over 191 interline ticketing agreements with other IATA airlines. The 2005 census showed a 1013:1000 female-to-male ratio. And the county Malta is located in, Phillips County, is hardly bursting with people either (total county population of 5100 people). Grand Master Hompesch capitulated, and Napoleon entered Malta. [144], The AFM also engages in combating terrorism, fighting against illicit drug trafficking, conducting anti-illegal immigrant operations and patrols, and anti-illegal fishing operations, operating search and rescue (SAR) services, and physical or electronic security and surveillance of sensitive locations. [147][148], Malta is an archipelago in the central Mediterranean (in its eastern basin), some 80 km (50 mi) from southern Italy across the Malta Channel. The festival has been arranged annually in Malta since 2007, with major pop artists performing each year. Additionally, a number of individual towns and villages in the Republic of Malta have sister cities. On the east, however, a tongue of high ground known as Mount Sceberras, on which the capital city, Valletta, is built, separates Marsamxett Harbour and Grand Harbour. A resurgent interest in the traditional wedding was evident in May 2007, when thousands of Maltese and tourists attended a traditional Maltese wedding in the style of the 16th century, in the village of Żurrieq. Valletta, Malta: Said International. Documented Maltese literature is over 200 years old. [84], The Normans attacked Malta in 1091, as part of their conquest of Sicily. Early on in the Aragonese ascendancy, the sons of the monarchs received the title Count of Malta. However, no Maltese hospital has undergone independent international healthcare accreditation. A question asked by many as it is a known fact that Malta is still a relatively well kept secret! 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